Butter Knife
1. 介绍
Buffter Knife是一个Android应用开发经常用到的注解库。很多工程都用到了Butter Knife这个框架。使用它能节省很多代码量。像findViewById这种代码就不用再出现了,而且这个框架也提供了很多其他有用的注解。
2. 使用场景
在Android应用开发中,经常需要将某个xml定义的视图、资源或layout在运行时绑定到一个变量上。这些绑定操作从代码量角度上来讲并不多,但是却使代码结构看起来很复杂。使用buffer knife库之后,这类绑定操作都可以通过注解来完成,代码看起来会更清爽。比如下面这样:
class ExampleActivity extends Activity {
@BindView(R.id.user) EditText username;
@BindView(R.id.pass) EditText password;
@BindString(R.string.login_error) String loginErrorMessage;
@OnClick(R.id.submit) void submit() {
// TODO call server...
}
@Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.simple_activity);
ButterKnife.bind(this);
// TODO Use fields...
}
}
3. 基本原理
ButterKnife
显然没有使用会降低运行时效率的反射方式,它用了Java Annotation Processing技术,就是在Java代码编译成Java字节码的时候就已经处理了@Bind、@OnClick(ButterKnife还支持很多其他的注解)这些注解了。
3.1 Annotation processing
Annotation processing是在编译阶段执行的,它的原理就是读入Java源代码,解析注解,然后生成新的Java代码。新生成的Java代码最后被编译成Java字节码,注解解析器(Annotation Processor)不能改变读入的Java 类,比如不能加入或删除Java方法。 ###3.2 ButterKnife编译流程 下图是Java 编译代码的整个过程,可以帮助我们很好理解注解解析的过程:
对应上一节使用场景中的代码,bufferknife会生成类似如下的代码:
public class ExampleActivity$$ViewBinder<T extends
io.bxbxbai.samples.ui.ExampleActivity> implements ViewBinder<T> {
@Override public void bind(final Finder finder, final T target, Object source) {
View view;
view = finder.findRequiredView(source, 21313618, "field ‘user'");
target.username = finder.castView(view, 21313618, "field ‘user'");
view = finder.findRequiredView(source, 21313618, "field ‘pass'");
target.password = finder.castView(view, 21313618, "field ‘pass'");
view = finder.findRequiredView(source, 21313618, "field ‘submit' and method ‘submit'");
view.setOnClickListener(
new butterknife.internal.DebouncingOnClickListener() {
@Override public void doClick(android.view.View p0) {
target.submit();
}
});
}
@Override public void reset(T target) {
target.username = null;
target.password = null;
}
}
用一张图来解释如下: 在上面的过程中可以看到,为什么你用@Bind、@OnClick等注解标注的属性或方法必须是public或protected的,因为ButterKnife是通过ExampleActivity.this.editText来注入View的。
3.3 bind(Object, View) 和 bind(View)
ButterKnife有bind(Object, View) 和 bind(View)两个方法,有什么区别呢?
如果你自定义了一个View,比如public class BadgeLayout extends Fragment,那么你可以可以通过ButterKnife.bind(BadgeLayout)来注入View的。
如果你在一个ViewHolder中inflate了一个xml布局文件,得到一个View对象,并且这个View是LinearLayout或FrameLayout等系统自带View,那么不是不能用ButterKnife.bind(View)来注入View的,因为ButterKnife认为这些类的包名以com.android开头的类是没有注解功能的,所以这种情况你需要使用ButterKnife.bind(ViewHolder,View)来注入View。
这表示你是把@Bind、@OnClick等注解写到了这个ViewHolder类中,ViewHolder中的View呢需要从后面那个View中去找
4. ButterKnife的几种使用方式
4.1 资源绑定
class ExampleActivity extends Activity {
@BindString(R.string.title) String title;
@BindDrawable(R.drawable.graphic) Drawable graphic;
@BindColor(R.color.red) int red; // int or ColorStateList field
@BindDimen(R.dimen.spacer) Float spacer; // int (for pixel size) or float (for exact value) field
// ...
}
4.2 非activity的绑定
You can also perform binding on arbitrary objects by supplying your own view root.
public class FancyFragment extends Fragment {
@BindView(R.id.button1) Button button1;
@BindView(R.id.button2) Button button2;
@Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fancy_fragment, container, false);
ButterKnife.bind(this, view);
// TODO Use fields...
return view;
}
}
4.3 ListAdapter中简化ViewHolder
public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
@Override public View getView(int position, View view, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder holder;
if (view != null) {
holder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
} else {
view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.whatever, parent, false);
holder = new ViewHolder(view);
view.setTag(holder);
}
holder.name.setText("John Doe");
// etc...
return view;
}
static class ViewHolder {
@BindView(R.id.title) TextView name;
@BindView(R.id.job_title) TextView jobTitle;
public ViewHolder(View view) {
ButterKnife.bind(this, view);
}
}
}
4.4 View list的批量注入和批量执行
4.4.1 注入
@BindViews({ R.id.first_name, R.id.middle_name, R.id.last_name })
List<EditText> nameViews;
4.4.2 批量执行
首先通过Action和Setter接口定义行为:
static final ButterKnife.Action<View> DISABLE = new ButterKnife.Action<View>() {
@Override public void apply(View view, int index) {
view.setEnabled(false);
}
};
static final ButterKnife.Setter<View, Boolean> ENABLED = new ButterKnife.Setter<View, Boolean>() {
@Override public void set(View view, Boolean value, int index) {
view.setEnabled(value);
}
};
然后通过apply方法批量执行:
ButterKnife.apply(nameViews, DISABLE);
ButterKnife.apply(nameViews, ENABLED, false);
Android Property可以直接拿来apply:
ButterKnife.apply(nameViews, View.ALPHA, 0.0f);
4.5 绑定Listener
可以直接为某个按钮绑定click事件的listener:
@OnClick(R.id.submit)
public void submit(View view) {
// TODO submit data to server...
}
入参view可以省略:
@OnClick(R.id.submit)
public void submit() {
// TODO submit data to server...
}
也可以指定为具体类型,butterknife会帮你转换:
@OnClick(R.id.submit)
public void sayHi(Button button) {
button.setText("Hello!");
}
如果多个view的click行为相同,也可以一起指定,只写一次方法:
@OnClick({ R.id.door1, R.id.door2, R.id.door3 })
public void pickDoor(DoorView door) {
if (door.hasPrizeBehind()) {
Toast.makeText(this, "You win!", LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "Try again", LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
自定义的view,可以在内部注解click事件,无需指定id:
public class FancyButton extends Button {
@OnClick
public void onClick() {
// TODO do something!
}
}
4.6 取消绑定
在fragment中,在onCreateView中绑定的view,需要在onDestroyView中置为null:
public class FancyFragment extends Fragment {
@BindView(R.id.button1) Button button1;
@BindView(R.id.button2) Button button2;
private Unbinder unbinder;
@Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fancy_fragment, container, false);
unbinder = ButterKnife.bind(this, view);
// TODO Use fields...
return view;
}
@Override public void onDestroyView() {
super.onDestroyView();
unbinder.unbind();
}
}
4.7 optional binding
如果注解绑定的对象不存在,则会抛出异常,可以通过在view前加@Nullable和在method前加@Optional来避免绑定失败时的异常:
@Nullable @BindView(R.id.might_not_be_there) TextView mightNotBeThere;
@Optional @OnClick(R.id.maybe_missing) void onMaybeMissingClicked() {
// TODO ...
}
4.8 MULTI-METHOD LISTENERS
Method annotations whose corresponding listener has multiple callbacks can be used to bind to any one of them. Each annotation has a default callback that it binds to. Specify an alternate using the callback parameter.
@OnItemSelected(R.id.list_view)
void onItemSelected(int position) {
// TODO ...
}
@OnItemSelected(value = R.id.maybe_missing, callback = NOTHING_SELECTED)
void onNothingSelected() {
// TODO ...
}
4.9 findById简化版
Also included are findById methods which simplify code that still has to find views on a View, Activity, or Dialog. It uses generics to infer the return type and automatically performs the cast.
View view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.thing, null);
TextView firstName = ButterKnife.findById(view, R.id.first_name);
TextView lastName = ButterKnife.findById(view, R.id.last_name);
ImageView photo = ButterKnife.findById(view, R.id.photo);
Add a static import for ButterKnife.findById and enjoy even more fun.
5. 使用
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.jakewharton:butterknife-gradle-plugin:8.5.1'
}
}
apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
apply plugin: 'com.jakewharton.butterknife'