dpkg and apt
change log
要用debchange来生成changelog
sudo apt install devscripts
debchange "initial commit"
反向查找依赖该包的其他包
if dpkg -s apt-rdepends > /dev/null 2>&1; then
echo "apt-rdepends already exists"
else
sudo apt install apt-rdepends
fi
apt-rdepends -r qtcreator
查看当前包依赖的包
dpkg -s qtcreator
列出已安装的包
apt --installed list
查找哪些包里安装了这个命令
apt-file find ntpdate
查看某包安装的文件
apt-file list ntpdate
dpkg and apt
基础操作
apt update # 更新元数据
apt install xfce4-terminal # 安装
apt remove xfce4-terminal # 删除
apt upgrade # 升级软件包
apt reinstall xfce4-terminal
apt reinstall ~/Downloads/search_xxx.deb
apt source xfce4-terminal # 下载源代码
dpkg -s apt-rdepends # 查询某package是否已安装
apt --installed list # 列出所有已安装的包
2.5.2 依赖查询
2.5.2.1 被依赖查询
if dpkg -s apt-rdepends > /dev/null 2>&1; then
echo "apt-rdepends already exists"
else
sudo apt install apt-rdepends
fi
apt-rdepends -r gedit
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
gedit
Reverse Depends: biosyntax-gedit (1.0.0b-2)
Reverse Depends: cinnamon-desktop-environment (5.2.2)
Reverse Depends: gedit-dev (<< 41.0-3)
Reverse Depends: gedit-latex-plugin (>= 3.20.0-2)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-bookmarks (<< 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-bracket-completion (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-character-map (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-code-comment (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-color-picker (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-color-schemer (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-commander (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-draw-spaces (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-find-in-files (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-git (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-join-lines (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-multi-edit (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-session-saver (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-smart-spaces (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-synctex (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-terminal (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-text-size (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-translate (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugin-word-completion (>= 41.0-1)
Reverse Depends: gedit-source-code-browser-plugin (>= 3.0.3-6)
Reverse Depends: gnome-core (>= 1:42+3)
Reverse Depends: rabbitvcs-gedit (0.18-3)
Reverse Depends: supercollider-gedit (>= 1:3.11.2+repack-1build1)
Reverse Depends: task-gnome-flashback-desktop (3.68ubuntu2)
Reverse Depends: ubuntu-unity-desktop (0.4)
biosyntax-gedit
Reverse Depends: biosyntax (1.0.0b-2)
biosyntax
cinnamon-desktop-environment
Reverse Depends: task-cinnamon-desktop (3.68ubuntu2)
task-cinnamon-desktop
gedit-dev
gedit-latex-plugin
gedit-plugin-bookmarks
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugins
gedit-plugin-bracket-completion
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugin-character-map
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugin-code-comment
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugin-color-picker
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugin-color-schemer
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugin-commander
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugin-draw-spaces
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugin-find-in-files
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugin-git
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugin-join-lines
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugin-multi-edit
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugin-session-saver
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugin-smart-spaces
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugin-synctex
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugin-terminal
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugin-text-size
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugin-translate
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-plugin-word-completion
Reverse Depends: gedit-plugins (41.0-1)
gedit-source-code-browser-plugin
gnome-core
Reverse Depends: gnome (= 1:42+3)
Reverse Depends: task-gnome-desktop (3.68ubuntu2)
gnome
task-gnome-desktop
rabbitvcs-gedit
supercollider-gedit
task-gnome-flashback-desktop
ubuntu-unity-desktop
依赖查询
apt depends gedit
gedit
依赖: gedit-common (<< 42)
依赖: gedit-common (>= 41)
依赖: gir1.2-glib-2.0
依赖: gir1.2-gtk-3.0 (>= 3.22)
依赖: gir1.2-gtksource-4
依赖: gir1.2-pango-1.0
依赖: gir1.2-peas-1.0
依赖: gsettings-desktop-schemas
依赖: iso-codes
依赖: python3-gi (>= 3.0)
依赖: python3-gi-cairo (>= 3.0)
依赖: <python3:any>
python3:i386
python3
依赖: python3.10
依赖: libatk1.0-0 (>= 1.12.4)
依赖: libc6 (>= 2.34)
依赖: libcairo2 (>= 1.2.4)
依赖: libgdk-pixbuf-2.0-0 (>= 2.22.0)
依赖: libgirepository-1.0-1 (>= 0.9.3)
依赖: libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.64)
依赖: libgspell-1-2 (>= 1.8.2)
依赖: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.22)
依赖: libgtksourceview-4-0 (>= 3.18.0)
依赖: libpango-1.0-0 (>= 1.42.0)
依赖: libpeas-1.0-0 (>= 1.14.1)
依赖: libxml2 (>= 2.7.4)
推荐: yelp
推荐: zenity
建议: gedit-plugins
探索一个package
remote package 描述信息
➜ ~ apt show search
apt show gedit
Package: gedit
Version: 41.0-3
Priority: optional
Section: gnome
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: Debian GNOME Maintainers <pkg-gnome-maintainers@lists.alioth.debian.org>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Installed-Size: 1,827 kB
Depends: gedit-common (<< 42), gedit-common (>= 41), gir1.2-glib-2.0, gir1.2-gtk-3.0 (>= 3.22), gir1.2-gtksource-4, gir1.2-pango-1.0, gir1.2-peas-1.0, gsettings-desktop-schemas, iso-codes, python3-gi (>= 3.0), python3-gi-cairo (>= 3.0), python3:any, python3.10, libatk1.0-0 (>= 1.12.4), libc6 (>= 2.34), libcairo2 (>= 1.2.4), libgdk-pixbuf-2.0-0 (>= 2.22.0), libgirepository-1.0-1 (>= 0.9.3), libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.64), libgspell-1-2 (>= 1.8.2), libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.22), libgtksourceview-4-0 (>= 3.18.0), libpango-1.0-0 (>= 1.42.0), libpeas-1.0-0 (>= 1.14.1), libxml2 (>= 2.7.4)
Recommends: yelp, zenity
Suggests: gedit-plugins
Homepage: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Gedit
Task: ubuntu-desktop-minimal, ubuntu-desktop, ubuntu-budgie-desktop, ubuntu-budgie-desktop-raspi
Download-Size: 434 kB
APT-Manual-Installed: yes
APT-Sources: http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 Packages
Description: GNOME 桌面环境的官方文本编辑器
gedit 是一个文本编辑器，支持大多数标准编辑器的功能，同时还包含有一些在其 他普通文本编辑器中没有的功能。gedit
是一个图形界面的程序，支持在一个窗口 内编辑多个文本文件(有时被称为标签或 MDI)。
.
gedit 使用 Unicode 的 UTF-8 来编码文件，故能够支持各种国际语言的文本。
它的核心功能包括支持源代码的语法高亮、自动缩进和打印及打印预览支持。
.
gedit 可以通过它的插件系统来扩展功能，目前包括支持拼写检查、文件比较、查看 CVS 更新日志以及调整缩进层次。
installed package所含文件：
dpkg-query -L gedit | head
/.
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/gedit
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/python3
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gi
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gi/overrides
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gi/overrides/Gedit.py
deb包所含文件
dpkg-deb --contents ~/Downloads/python3-multibootusb_9.2.0-1_all.deb | head
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2018-04-05 01:14 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2018-04-05 01:14 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2018-04-05 01:14 ./usr/bin/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 7513 2018-04-05 01:14 ./usr/bin/multibootusb
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 614 2017-10-25 02:43 ./usr/bin/multibootusb-pkexec
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2018-04-05 01:14 ./usr/lib/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2018-04-05 01:14 ./usr/lib/python3/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2018-04-05 01:14 ./usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 437 2018-04-05 01:14 ./usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/multibootusb-9.2.0.egg-info
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2018-04-05 01:14 ./usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/scripts/
remote package所含文件
➜ ~ apt --installed list | grep xfce4-terminal
WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
➜ ~ apt-file list xfce4-terminal | head
xfce4-terminal: /usr/bin/xfce4-terminal
xfce4-terminal: /usr/bin/xfce4-terminal.wrapper
xfce4-terminal: /usr/share/applications/xfce4-terminal-settings.desktop
xfce4-terminal: /usr/share/applications/xfce4-terminal.desktop
xfce4-terminal: /usr/share/doc/xfce4-terminal/AUTHORS
xfce4-terminal: /usr/share/doc/xfce4-terminal/HACKING
xfce4-terminal: /usr/share/doc/xfce4-terminal/NEWS.Debian.gz
xfce4-terminal: /usr/share/doc/xfce4-terminal/NEWS.gz
xfce4-terminal: /usr/share/doc/xfce4-terminal/README.Debian
xfce4-terminal: /usr/share/doc/xfce4-terminal/README.md
文件属于哪个package
dpkg-query --search /usr/bin/grub-file
grub-common: /usr/bin/grub-file